The Synergistic Effects of Traditional and Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agents: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

Introduction: Chronic inflammatory diseases require multifaceted therapeutic approaches due to their complex pathophysiology. Combining traditional anti-inflammatory agents, such as NSAIDs and corticosteroids, with novel therapeutics, such as biologics and phytochemicals, may provide synergistic effects, enhancing efficacy and reducing side effects. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current evidence on the synergistic effects of combining traditional and novel anti-inflammatory agents.

Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 2010 and 2023 was conducted, focusing on preclinical and clinical research that assessed the combination of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs with novel agents (e.g., biologics, RNA-based therapies, phytochemicals) in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Outcomes included inflammatory biomarker reduction, disease activity scores, and patient-reported outcomes. Data were analyzed using Python and R, with effect sizes calculated to determine the impact of combination therapies.

Results: A total of 105 studies were included, encompassing over 9,000 participants. Meta-analysis revealed that combination therapies significantly outperformed monotherapies in reducing key inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP (effect size = -0.46, p < 0.001). Traditional agents paired with novel biologics, such as TNF inhibitors and IL-17 blockers, showed the greatest reduction in disease activity scores across rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease (effect size = -0.51, p < 0.001). Phytochemicals like curcumin and resveratrol, when combined with NSAIDs, resulted in reduced gastrointestinal side effects and improved patient tolerance (p < 0.05). Synergistic effects were also observed in decreasing pain and improving quality of life.

Conclusion : The combination of traditional and novel anti-inflammatory agents offers enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. These findings highlight the potential of combination therapies to target multiple inflammatory pathways, leading to better clinical outcomes and reduced adverse effects. Future research should explore optimal combinations and dosing strategies to maximize synergy while minimizing risks in diverse patient populations.